无家可归、疯癫与《济贫法》——《李尔王》中的流浪汉话语

外国文学研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 39-51.

• 中外学者对话：莎士比亚研究 • 上一篇下一篇

无家可归、疯癫与《济贫法》——《李尔王》中的流浪汉话语

胡鹏

发布日期:2021-02-28
作者简介:胡鹏,四川外国语大学莎士比亚研究所副教授,主要从事莎士比亚研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金后期项目“莎士比亚与早期现代英国物质文化研究”（19FWWB017 ）

Homelessness, Madness, and the Poor Law: Rogue Discourse in King Lear

Hu Peng

Published:2021-02-28
About author:Hu Peng is an associate professor at the Shakespeare Study Institute, Sichuan International Studies University (Chongqing 400031, China). His primary research interest is Shakespearean studies. Email: hupeng515@163.com
Supported by:
“Shakespeare and Material Culture in Early Modern England” (19FWWB017), sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： “流浪汉文学”是以流浪者的视角讲述故事的一种文学类型,在16、17世纪的英国非常流行,这些故事往往和罪犯及类似罪犯的生活有关,多以主人公忏悔的形式进行叙述。作为莎士比亚著名悲剧《李尔王》中的悲剧主人公,李尔王由于错误的判断和决定而最终变得无家可归、一无所有,而剧中人物也常常处于流浪状态,例如爱德伽假扮疯丐、葛罗斯特变成盲丐。在《李尔王》中,莎士比亚通过挪用同时代的流浪汉话语,丰富了贝德兰姆的汤姆这一文学乞丐形象,展示出大众对流浪汉的文化焦虑心理;同时透过对流浪者生存境况的描述,也隐晦地批评了《济贫法》的缺陷与不足,以此唤起人们的同情心,实现《李尔王》与现实的互动。

关键词: 莎士比亚, 《李尔王》, 流浪汉文学, 挪用, 《济贫法》

Abstract: “Rogue literature,” a literary genre that tells stories from the perspective of rogues and criminals, was quite popular in England during the 16^th and 17^th centuries. The stories were mostly narrated through the protagonists' confessions and loaded with vivid descriptions. As the tragic hero in Shakespeare's most famous tragedy, King Lear, Lear ultimately becomes homeless and penniless due to his misjudgements and wrong decisions. Also, most of the characters often live like rogues in this play. For instance, Edgar pretends to be a crazy beggar, while Duke of Gloucester turns into a blind beggar. In King Lear, Shakespeare appropriates the rogue discourse during his time in enriching the literary image of Tom o'Bedlam and reprensenting the cultural anxiety of the public toward rogues. Meanwhile, his depiction of vagrants' living conditions offers an implicit reproof for the defects and deficiencies of the Poor Law so as to arouse the sympathy among his contemporaries and relate King Lear to the realities in England.

Key words: Shakespeare, King Lear, rogue literature, appropriation, the Poor Law

胡鹏. 无家可归、疯癫与《济贫法》——《李尔王》中的流浪汉话语[J]. 外国文学研究, 2020, 42(3): 39-51.

Hu Peng. Homelessness, Madness, and the Poor Law: Rogue Discourse in King Lear[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2020, 42(3): 39-51.

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无家可归、疯癫与《济贫法》——《李尔王》中的流浪汉话语

Homelessness, Madness, and the Poor Law: Rogue Discourse in King Lear

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