大团圆：霍桑的历史哲学与现实关怀

外国文学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 101-111.

大团圆：霍桑的历史哲学与现实关怀

方文开, 刘衍

出版日期:2017-04-25 发布日期:2022-06-15
作者简介:方文开,江南大学外国语学院教授,江南大学语言认知与技术创新应用研究中心成员,主要研究方向为美国文学;刘衍,（香港）全球英语文学研究中心研究员。

Happy Ending: Hawthorne's Philosophy of History and Concern for His Motherland

Fang Wenkai, Liu Yan

Online:2017-04-25 Published:2022-06-15
About author:Fang Wenkai is professor at the School of Foreign Studies of Jiangnan University (Wuxi 214122, China), mainly engaged in the study of American Literature. Email: fangwenkai@jiangnan.edu.cn; Liu Yan is researcher of Global English Literature Research Center in Hong Kong. Email: wallaceliuyan@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 霍桑在《带七个尖角阁的房子》中通过书写大团圆结局,不仅表达了其罗曼司的想象维度,并据此提出了他的历史哲学：表面上迂回曲折的历史会在上帝的指引下呈现出一个更高层次的连贯秩序和幸福美满的发展模式,只有回归对上帝的信仰并成为能动的历史主体,人类才能推动历史在渐进的基础上实现螺旋式的辩证发展;而且表达了其罗曼司的现实维度：在内战阴云的笼罩下,南方和北方只有回归体现上帝意志的美国宪法,才能避免可能出现的国家分裂和民族危机。

关键词: 霍桑, 历史哲学, 辩证发展, 美国内战

Abstract: In The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne creates a happy ending, and thus reveals not only the imaginary dimension of his Romance but also his philosophy of history: though histories experienced by people can be devious, tortuous and inscrutable, they will in fact at a higher level provide a benevolent pattern; only by holding fast to the Providence and becoming initiative can human beings contribute to the historical development in a spiral, dialectical way on the basis of gradualism. Moreover, Hawthorne illuminates the realistic dimension of his Romance in The House of the Seven Gables. Confronted with the impending clouds of the Civil War, Hawthorne expresses his concern for his motherland and tries to admonish his contemporaries that only by reaffirming their faith in the Providence and preserving the incarnation of God's will, the American Constitution, can they avoid the Civil War and keep the motherland as a whole.

Key words: Hawthorne, philosophy of history, dialectical development, American Civil War

方文开, 刘衍. 大团圆：霍桑的历史哲学与现实关怀[J]. 外国文学研究, 2017, 39(2): 101-111.

Fang Wenkai, Liu Yan. Happy Ending: Hawthorne's Philosophy of History and Concern for His Motherland[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2017, 39(2): 101-111.

参考文献

[1] Alvis, John E.Nathaniel Hawthorne as Political Philosopher: Revolutionary Principles Domesticated and Personalized. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
[2] Berlin, Isaiah.Freedom and Its Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty. Ed. Henry Hardy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2014.
[3] Bercovitch, Sacvan.The Office of The Scarlet Letter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2013.
[4] ---. Rites of Assent: Transformation in the Symbolic Construction of America.New York: Routledge, 1993.
[5] 《辞海》(第六版),辞海编辑委员会编.上海:上海辞书出版社,2010年.
[Ci Hai.6th ed. The Editorial Board of Ci Hai. Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Press, 2010.]
[6] Colacurcio, Michael J.The Province of Piety: Moral History in Hawthorne’s Early Tales. Durham: Duke UP, 1995.
[7] Corwin, Edward S. The “Higher Law” Background of American Constitutional Law. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc., 2008.
[8] Crowley, Joseph Donald, ed. Hawthorne: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, 1970.
[9] 代显梅:《超验主义时代的旁观者——霍桑思想研究》.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013年.
[Dai Xianmei.The Spectator of the Transcendental Age: A Study of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Thoughts. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2013.]
[10] Donohue, Agnes McNeill. Hawthorne: Calvin’s Ironic Stepchild. Kent, Ohio: Kent State UP, 1985.
[11] 方文开:《霍桑与浪漫主义反讽》,《外语研究》6(2007): 89—93.
[Fang Wenkai.“Hawthorne and Romantic Irony.”Foreign Languages Research 6(2007): 89-93.]
[12] Fick, Father Leonard John. The Light Beyond: A Study of Hawthorne’s Theology. Westminster, Maryland: Newman Press,1955.
[13] Fogle, Richard Harter.“Hawthorne, History,the Human Heart.”Clio 5.2(Winter 1976): 175-80.
[14] Folsom, James K.Man’s Accidents and God’s Purposes: Multiplicity in Hawthorne’s Fiction. New Haven: College and UP, 1963.
[15] Hawthorne, Julian.“Hawthorne’s Last Years.” Hawthorne in His Own Time. Ed. Ronald A. Bosco and Jillmarie Murphy. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 2007. 237-45.
[16] Hawthorne, Nathaniel.Collected Novels. New York: The Library of America, 1983.
[17] -. Miscellaneous Prose and Verse. Ed. William Charvat et al. Vol. 23. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1995.
[18] Hegel G. W.Friedrich. The Phenomenology of Spirit. Trans. J. B. Baillie. New York: Digireads.com Publishing, 2009.
[19] Lathrop, George Parsons.“From A Study of Hawthorne.” Hawthorne in His Own Time. Ed. Ronald A. Bosco and Jillmarie Murphy. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 2007. 161-73.
[20] Loggins, Vernon.The Hawthornes. New York: Columbia UP, 1951.
[21] Pierce, Franklin.“Inaugural Address.”U.S. Presidential Inaugural Addresses from Washington to Obama. Ed. The Floating Press. Auckland: The Floating Press, 2009. 198-212.
[22] 尚晓进:《改革时代与田园牧歌——谈历史语境中的〈七个尖角阁的宅子〉》,《上海大学学报》(社会科学版)6(2009): 131—142.
[Shang Xiaojin.“The Age of Reform and the Pastoral: ContextualizingThe House of the Seven Gables.” Journal of Shanghai University (Social Sciences) 6(2009): 131-42.]
[23] ——:《清教主义与假面剧——谈霍桑创作前期的宗教思想》,《解放军外国语学院学报》2(2008):89—93.
[---. “Puritanism and the Masquerade: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Early Religious Thoughts.”Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages 2(2008): 89-93.]
[24] Waggoner, Hyatt H.Hawthorne: A Critical Study. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 1963.
[25] Yoder R. A.“Transcendental Conservatism and ‘The House of the Seven Gables’.”The Georgia Review 28.1(Spring 1974):33-51.
[26] 张和声:《评乔治•班克罗夫特的历史观及其代表作〈美国史〉》,《史林》2(1988):138—144.
[Zhang Hesheng.“Critique of George Bancroft’s View of History and His Masterpiece History of the United States of America.”Historical Review 2(1988): 138-44.]