Abstract: Dushechka and Leo Tolstoy's interpretation were introduced into China, as part of women's liberation movement, in accordance with the radical ideology of New Culture Movement. The discussion of Tolstoy's interpretation was then contextualized in the study of women's liberation in the nationwide anti-Japanese war. The implications of Tolstoy's interpretation in China were then expanded, together with the idea of socialist realism, in response to the social reality that women were encouraged to be the major labor force ineconomic development. Although in the late 1940 sthere was a literary trend emphasizing on the aesthetic function of literature in Kuomintang-controlled areas, Tolstoy's interpretation was criticized. When Tolstoy's interpretation was eventually recognized, criticism was directed towards Dushechka and the author's partriarchal perspective.

Key words: A. P. Chekhov, Dushechka, L. N. Tolstoy, acceptance in China