沉默之声：从动物诗看默温的生态伦理结和诗学伦理结之解

外国文学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 26-35.

沉默之声：从动物诗看默温的生态伦理结和诗学伦理结之解

朱新福, 林大江

出版日期:2017-08-25 发布日期:2022-06-15
作者简介:朱新福,苏州大学外国语学院教授,博士生导师,研究方向为美国文学和生态文学。林大江,华东政法大学外语学院讲师,苏州大学博士研究生,研究方向为美国诗歌、法律与文学。
基金资助:
本文系教育部人文社科规划项目“美国自然诗歌的主题嬗变及其生态诗学思想的构建”【项目批号：15YJA752024】和江苏省社科项目“生态批评视域中的美国自然诗流变研究”【项目批号：13WWB003】的阶段性成果

The Sound of Silence: How W. S. Merwin Unties His Ecological and Poetic Ethical Knots in His Animal Poems

Zhu Xinfu, Lin Dajiang

Online:2017-08-25 Published:2022-06-15
About author:Zhu Xinfu is professor and Ph.D. supervisor at the School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University (Suzhou 215006, China). His major research areas are American literature and ecological literature. Email: fulbright1999@163.com; Lin Dajiang is lecturer at the School of Foreign Languages, East China University of Political Science and Law (Shanghai 201620, China), and Ph.D. Candidate of the School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University. His research interests include American poetry and Law and Literature. Email: djriver@163.com

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 哈罗德·布鲁姆曾经批评默温的早期诗作徒有末日之忧而不具超验之明。本文聚焦默温的动物诗,通过梳理贯穿默温创作生涯的生态和诗学两条伦理主线及相应的生态和诗学两个伦理结先后形成、消解和统一的完整历程,指出默温在生态伦理上所持的生态整体立场与布鲁姆“有益于人类”的伦理出发点不同。在诗学伦理上,默温坚持诗歌是见证的艺术,诗歌形式是对一种听见当下生命经历的方式的见证。而默温一以贯之的诗艺探索和实践恰也见证了默温一生对人类破坏力的深刻反思、对自然世界绝对存在的笃信不疑、对诗歌艺术召唤沉默之声的毕生追求、以及诗内诗外知行合一的伦理操守。

关键词: 默温, 动物诗, 生态, 诗学, 伦理结

Abstract: Harold Broom criticized early Merwin for feeling impelled to prophesy yet having no Transcendental vision. In response, this paper reviews Merwin's animal poems-how Merwin ties, unties and integrates his ecological and poetic ethical knots-and argues that Merwin's belief in the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs is what differentiates him from Broom who calls for ethical behaviors “of benefit to mankind.” Merwin holds that poetry is the art of witnessing and poetic form is testimony of a way of hearing how life happens in time. In the same way, Merwin's life-long poetic practice serves as testimony of a life devoted to the revelation of human destructiveness, the revival of the world of silence, and the integrity of existence as a whole.

Key words: Merwin, animal poems, ecological, poetic, ethical knots

朱新福, 林大江. 沉默之声：从动物诗看默温的生态伦理结和诗学伦理结之解[J]. 外国文学研究, 2017, 39(4): 26-35.

Zhu Xinfu, Lin Dajiang. The Sound of Silence: How W. S. Merwin Unties His Ecological and Poetic Ethical Knots in His Animal Poems[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2017, 39(4): 26-35.

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