道德批评的选择：艾略特与白璧德

外国文学研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 80-88.

道德批评的选择：艾略特与白璧德

蒋洪新

出版日期:2020-04-25 发布日期:2021-02-28
作者简介:蒋洪新,湖南师范大学外国语学院教授,主要从事英美文学、翻译理论与实践研究、高等教育研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪美国文学思想研究”（14ZDB088）

The Choice of Moral Criticism: Eliot and Babbitt

Jiang Hongxin

Online:2020-04-25 Published:2021-02-28
About author:Jiang Hongxin is a professor at the College of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University (Changsha 410081, China). His research is primarily focused on English and American literature, the theory and practice of translation, and higher education. Email: jhxin@hunnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
“A Study of American Literary Thoughts of the 20^th Century” (14ZDB088) sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： T. S.艾略特师承欧文·白璧德。艾略特一方面承继了老师白璧德对浪漫主义的批判,沿袭白璧德对道德和古典主义问题的关注,主张白璧德对教育实用化趋势的看法等学术思想;另一方面,又坚持“追求和怀疑”“吸收和抛弃”并存的姿态,与白璧德围绕宗教本质、人文主义与宗教关系等问题展开了学术争论,表达了人文主义只有具备开放性和包容性,方可在美国社会落地生根、茁壮成长。艾略特试图在人文主义的信条和纪律与基督教的同情和宽容之间寻求一个可能的平衡点,这一主张在当时看来颇有新意,也颇具前瞻性。在文学批评史上演绎了近现代版“吾爱吾师,也爱真理”的学术传奇,艾略特为推动西方乃至世界文学批评发展作出了重要贡献。

关键词: 道德批评, 艾略特, 白璧德

Abstract: T. S. Eliot was a disciple of Irving Babbitt. On the one hand, he inherited Babbitt's critical stance toward Romanticism, carried on Babbitt's concern with issues related to morality and Classicism, and advocated Babbitt's academic views about the trend of pragmatic education. On the other hand, however, Eliot insisted on adopting, side by side, the strategies of “pursuit and doubt” and “absorption and abandonment,” thus launching a series of scholarly debates with Babbitt on the nature of religion, the relationship between Humanism and religion, and other issues, and claiming that only through openness and inclusiveness could Humanism take root and grow sturdily in American society. Eliot attempted to strike a probable balance between the doctrine and discipline of Humanism and the empathy and tolerance of Christianity. At the time, such a concept appears to be novel, but certainly forward-thinking. Eliot reenacted a modern-day academic legend of “Teacher is dear to me, but dearer still is truth” in the history of literary criticism and made important contributions to the development of literary criticism in the West and in the world as well.

Key words: moral criticism, Eliot, Babbitt

蒋洪新. 道德批评的选择：艾略特与白璧德[J]. 外国文学研究, 2020, 42(2): 80-88.

Jiang Hongxin. The Choice of Moral Criticism: Eliot and Babbitt[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2020, 42(2): 80-88.

参考文献

[1] Babbitt, Irving.Democracy and Leadership. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1924.
[2] 欧文·白壁德:《文学与美国的大学》.张沛、张源译,北京大学出版社,2004年.
[---. Literature and the American College. Translated by Zhang Pei and Zhang Yuan, Peking UP, 2004.]
[3] ——:《法国现代批评大师》.孙宜学译,广西师范大学出版社,2002年.
[---. The Masters of Modern French Criticism. Translated by Sun Yixue, Guangxi Normal UP, 2002.]
[4] ——:《卢梭与浪漫主义》.孙宜学译,河北教育出版社,2003年.
[---. Rousseau and Romanticism. Translated by Sun Yixue, Hebei Education Press, 2003.]
[5] 约翰·杜威:《学校与社会》.《杜威教育论著选》,赵祥麟、王承绪编译,华东师范大学出版社,1981年.第13—74页.
[Dewey, John.“The School and Society.” Selected Works of Dewey on Education. Edited and translated by Zhao Xianglin and Wang Chengxu, East China Normal UP, 1981, pp. 13-74.]
[6] Eliot T. S.For Lancelot Andrews. Faber and Faber, 1928.
[7] 托·斯·艾略特:《弗朗西斯·赫伯特·布拉德利》.李赋宁译,《现代教育和古典文学:艾略特文集·论文》,陆建德编,李赋宁、王恩衷等译,上海译文出版社,2012年.第221-237页.
[Eliot, Thomas Stearns.“Francis Herbert Bradley.” Translated by Li Funing. Modern Education and the Classics: Selected Essays, edited by Lu Jiande and translated by Li Funing, Wang Enzhong, et al., Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2012, pp. 221-37.]
[8] ——:《欧文·白璧德的人文主义》.李赋宁译,《现代教育和古典文学:艾略特文集·论文》,陆建德编,李赋宁、王恩衷等译,上海译文出版社,2012年.第258-272页.
[---. “The Humanism of Irving Babbitt.” Translated by Li Funing. Modern Education and the Classics: Selected Essays, edited by Lu Jiande and translated by Li Funing and Wang Enzhong, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2012, pp. 258-72.]
[9] ---. “The Lesson of Baudelaire.” The Complete Prose of T. S. Eliot. Vol. 2, edited by Anthony Cuda and Ronald Schuchard, John Hopkins UP, 2014. pp. 306-08.
[10] ---. “The Search for Moral Sanction.” The Complete Prose of T. S. Eliot. Vol. 4, edited by Jason Harding and Ronald Schuchard, Johns Hopkins UP, 2015. pp. 446-55.
[11] ——:《关于人文主义重新考虑后的意见》.李赋宁译,《现代教育和古典文学:艾略特文集·论文》,陆建德编,李赋宁、王恩衷等译,上海译文出版社,2012年.第273-288页.
[---. “Second Thoughts about Humanism.” Translated by Li Funing Modern Education and the Classics: Selected Essays, edited by Lu Jiande and translated by Li Funing and Wang Enzhong, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2012. pp. 273-88.]
[12] ——:《传统与个人才能》.《艾略特文学论文集》,李赋宁译注,百花洲文艺出版社,1994年.第1-11页.
[---. “Tradition and the Individual Talent.” Collection of Eliot’s Literary Essays, translated and annotated by Li Funing, Baihuazhou Literature and Art Publishing House, 1994. pp. 1-11.]
[13] Eliot, Valerie and John Haffenden, editors. The Letters of T. S. Eliot. Vol. 4, Yale UP, 2013.