外国文学研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 96-106.

• 一带一路沿线国家文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

文化身份与伦理表达——《罗摩衍那》中的罗刹王罗波那形象研究

侯传文   

  • 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-04-29
  • 作者简介:侯传文,青岛大学文学与新闻传播学院教授,主要从事东方文学与比较文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金冷门绝学专项项目“印度佛传文学资料整理与研究”(2018VJX033)

Cultural Identity and Ethical Expression: The Image of Rakshasa King Ravana in Rāmayāna

Hou Chuanwen   

  • Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-04-29
  • About author:Hou Chuanwen is a professor at the School of Literature, Journalism, and Communication, Qingdao University (Qingdao 266071, China), specializing in comparative literature and oriental literature.
  • Supported by:
    “Collation and Research on the Indian Buddhist Literature Materials” (2018VJX033) sponsored by National Social Science Fund of China

内容摘要: 印度大史诗《罗摩衍那》通过罗摩与罗波那的斗争表现了印度雅利安文明与非雅利安文明之间的矛盾。罗波那领导的罗刹族是被雅利安人征服的印度土著的代表,由征服者雅利安人书写的史诗《罗摩衍那》,对被征服者进行了对立设定,对罗刹王罗波那进行了妖魔化的形象塑造。在蚁垤创作的史诗主体部分,罗波那作为失败的英雄还受到一定的尊重,在后补的第一和第七篇,罗波那成了无恶不作的十首魔王。罗波那形象的妖魔化塑造既是对立设定的结果,也是作品伦理表达的需要。作为善的代表的罗摩,需要一个作为恶的代表的罗波那作为反衬,既树立了典范,也进行了警示,从而使作品所要表现的以“达磨”为核心的伦理体系得以确立。

关键词: 《罗摩衍那》, 罗波那, 对立设定, 文化身份, 伦理表达

Abstract: The great Indian epic, R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, represents the contradiction between the Aryan civilization and the non-Aryan civilization through the struggle between Rama and Ravana. The Raksasas led by Ravana are the representatives of the indigenous Indians conquered by the Aryans. The epic, R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, written by the conquering Aryans, sets the conquered up as the designated opponent and demonizes image of Rakshasa king Ravana. In the main part of the epic created by Vālmīki, Ravana was treated with certain respect as a defeated hero. But in the First and Seventh Chapters that were supplemented subsequently, Ravana is presented as the evil King. The demonization of Ravana' s image is not only the result of portraying an opponent, but also the need of ethical expression. As a representative of good, Rama needs Ravana, a representative of evil, for a contrast, which not only sets up a role model, but also issues a warning, thus establishing what the epic intends to advocate, namely, the ethical system with “Dharma” as its core.

Key words: R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, Ravana, designated opponent, cultural identity, ethical expression

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