哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学理论与犹太神秘主义

外国文学研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 124-134.

哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学理论与犹太神秘主义

翟乃海

出版日期:2020-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-26
作者简介:翟乃海,山东师范大学外国语学院副教授,主要从事西方文论、美国犹太文学研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金青年项目“哈罗德·布鲁姆与犹太释经传统关系研究”（14CWW001）; 山东省社科外语专项“当代美国文论中的犹太传统资源研究”（19CWZJ41）

Harold Bloom's Literary Theory and Jewish Mysticism

Zhai Naihai

Online:2020-02-25 Published:2021-02-26
About author:Zhai Naihai is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Normal University (Jinan 250358, China). His research mainly focuses on Western literary theories and Jewish American literature. Email: zhainaihai@hotmail.com
Supported by:
“Harold Bloom and Jewish Exegetical Tradition”(14CWW001) sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China; “The Jewish Resources in the Contemporary American Literary Theories” (19CWZJ41) sponsored by the Social Science Fund of Shandong Province

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 当代文学理论家哈罗德·布鲁姆并不信奉正统犹太教,但他积极地把犹太文化融入了当代文学批评。他通过犹太神秘主义喀巴拉与犹太传统文化建立了联系,为自身的犹太认同找到了文化源头。同时,布鲁姆把喀巴拉神话融入其文学理论和批评话语,赋予其“影响的焦虑”、“误读”、“事实性”等文学观、批评观以鲜明的犹太特色。布鲁姆的影响诗学也是犹太文化与浪漫主义文学观和美国个人主义共同作用的结果。

关键词: 哈罗德·布鲁姆, 喀巴拉, 犹太神秘主义, 影响诗学, 文学理论

Abstract: Harold Bloom, though not an orthodox Jew, is a theorist who tried actively to incorporate the traditional Jewish culture into his literary theory and criticism. Through Kabbalah, a form of Jewish mysticism, instead of normative Judaism, he connected with the traditional Jewish culture and discovered the cultural origin of his Jewish self-identity. In addition, Bloom integrated the Kabbalah myth into his literary theory and critical discourse, endowing his literary concepts, such as “anxiety of influence,” “misreading,” and “facticity,” with distinctive Jewish characteristics. Bloom's poetics of influence seems to have resulted from the interplay between Jewish culture and the ideas of Romanticism and American individualism.

Key words: Harold Bloom, Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, poetics of influence, literary theory

翟乃海. 哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学理论与犹太神秘主义[J]. 外国文学研究, 2020, 42(1): 124-134.

Zhai Naihai. Harold Bloom's Literary Theory and Jewish Mysticism[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2020, 42(1): 124-134.

参考文献

[1] Arnold, Matthew.Essays in Criticism. Macmillan, 1865.
[2] Bielik-Robson, Agata .The Saving Lie. Northwestern UP, 2011.
[3] Bloom, Harold.The Anatomy of Influence. Yale UP, 2011.
[4] ---. The Anxiety of Influence. Oxford UP, 1997.
[5] ---. “The Breaking of Form.” Deconstruction and Criticism, edited by Harold Bloom, et al., Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979, pp. 1-37.
[6] ---. The Daemon Knows. Oxford UP, 2015.
[7] ---. Kabbalah and Criticism. Continuum, 2005.
[8] ---. A Map of Misreading. Oxford UP, 2003.
[9] ---. Poetry and Repression. Yale UP, 1980.
[10] Dan, Joseph.Kabbalah. Oxford UP, 2006.
[11] 托·斯·艾略特:《艾略特文学论文集》.李赋宁译,百花洲文艺出版社,1994年.
[Eliot T. S.Collected Essays of T. S. Eliot. Translated by Li Funing, Baihuazhou Literature and Art Publishing House, 1994.]
[12] Handelman, Susan.The Slayers of Moses. State U of New York P, 1982.
[13] Hartman, Geoffrey.The Third Pillar. U of Pennsylvania P, 2011.
[14] 黄陵渝:《犹太教学》.当代世界出版社,2000年.
[Huang Lingyu.A Study of Judaism. Contemporary World Press, 2000.]
[15] Meyerowitz, Rael.Transferring to America. State U of New York P, 1995.
[16] Moynihan, Robert.A Recent Imagining. Archon Books, 1986.
[17] Oz, Amos and Fania Oz-Salzberger. Jews and Words. Yale UP, 2012.
[18] Ozick, Cynthia.“America: Toward Yavneh.” What Is Jewish Literature?, edited by Hana Wirth-Neshe, Varda Books, 2002, pp. 20-35.
[19] ---. “Judaism and Harold Bloom.” Commentary, vol. 67, no. 1, Jan. 1979, pp. 43-51.
[20] Salusinszky, Imre.Criticism in Society. Routledge, 2003.
[21] 索伦:《犹太神秘主义主流》.涂笑非译,四川人民出版社,2000年.
[Scholem, Gershom.Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. Translated by Tu Xiaofei, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 2000. ]
[22] Stern, David.Midrash and Theory. Northwestern UP, 1996.
[23] ---. “Moses-cide: Midrash and Contemporary Literary Criticism.” Prooftexts, vol. 4, no. 2, May 1984, pp. 193-204.
[24] Taylor, Charles.The Secular Age. Harvard UP, 2007.
[25] 徐新:《犹太文化史》.北京大学出版社,2011年.
[Xu Xin.A History of Jewish Culture. Beijing UP, 2011.]