从自由观念到美国批判：论苏珊·桑塔格的《美国魂》

外国文学研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 127-135.

从自由观念到美国批判：论苏珊·桑塔格的《美国魂》

姚君伟

出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2022-05-23
作者简介:姚君伟,南京师范大学外国语学院教授,主要研究方向为英美文学。
基金资助:
教育部人文社科年度规划项目“桑塔格短篇小说叙事艺术及文化内涵研究”（13YJA752026); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程二期项目（20140901）

From the Concept of Freedom to Criticism of the USA: On Susan Sontag's “American Spirits”

Yao Junwei

Online:2018-08-25 Published:2022-05-23
About author:Yao Junwei is professor at School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University (Nanjing 210097, China). His research focuses on English and American literature. Email: yaojunweinj@126.com
Supported by:
“Studies of the Narrative Art and Cultural Elements of Short Stories of Susan Sontag” (13YJA752026) sponsored by Annual Planning Project of the Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education; Second Phase of the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (20140901)

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 本文以苏珊·桑塔格的短篇小说集《心问》为参照,聚焦于学术界极少关注的《美国魂》,分析了女主人公追寻自由以及美国伟人的灵魂在她的追寻过程中所扮演的角色。本文认为,小说女主人公所追求的自由是对自由的误读,这种误读正是由含混而矛盾的美国精神导致,小说由此对美国核心价值提出质疑和批评,也反映了桑塔格对美国的基本观点。《美国魂》无论是主题还是艺术形式都成为桑塔格文化思想的重要表达,在桑塔格的文学创作和思想发展中具有重要地位。

关键词: 苏珊·桑塔格, 《美国魂》, 自由, 美国价值观

Abstract: This paper, with a focus on Susan Sontag's short stories, analyzes the woman protagonist's pursuit and misunderstanding of freedom. It argues that her misunderstanding of freedom is due to the confusing and contradictory summons from the spirits of the great Americans. As such, the paper reveals Sontag's criticism against the core value of the United States of America. This paper holds that the short story “American Spirit” is an important expression of Sontag's notion of culture, evident in its theme and artistic form.

Key words: Susan Sontag, “American Spirits”, freedom, American value

姚君伟. 从自由观念到美国批判：论苏珊·桑塔格的《美国魂》[J]. 外国文学研究, 2018, 40(4): 127-135.

Yao Junwei. From the Concept of Freedom to Criticism of the USA: On Susan Sontag's “American Spirits”[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2018, 40(4): 127-135.

参考文献

[1] Cott, Jonathan.Susan Sontag: The Complete Rolling Stone Interview. New Haven: Yale UP, 2013.
[2] 莫里斯·迪克斯坦:《伊甸园之门:六十年代美国文化》,方晓光译.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1985年.
[Dickstein, Morris.Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties. Trans. Fang Xiaoguang. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1985.]
[3] 柯英:《存在主义视阈中的苏珊·桑塔格创作研究》.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2018年.
[Ke Ying.An Existentialist Study of Susan Sontag's Creative Works. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong UP, 2018.]
[4] Poague, Leland and Kathy A. Parsons, eds. Susan Sontag: An Annotated Bibliography (1948-1992). New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.
[5] Rollyson, Carl.Reading Susan Sontag: A Critical Introduction to Her Work. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001.
[6] 卡尔·罗利森莉萨·帕多克:《铸就偶像:苏珊·桑塔格传》,姚君伟译.上海:上海译文出版社,2009年.
[Rollyson, Carl and Lisa Paddock. Susan Sontag: The Making of an Icon. Trans. Yao Junwei. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2009.]
[7] 申慧辉:《迎风飞扬的自由精神——苏珊·桑塔格及其短篇小说》,桑塔格:《心问》.1—12.
[Shen Huihui.“Susan Sontag and Her Short Stories.” Sontag.Debriefing 1-12.]
[8] 苏珊·桑塔格:《心问》,徐天池等译.上海:上海译文出版社,2018年.
[Sontag, Susan. Debriefing.Trans. Xu Tianchi et al. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2018.]
[9] ——:《激进意志的样式》,何宁等译.上海:上海译文出版社,2018年.
[---. Styles of Radical Will. Trans. He Ninget al. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2018.]
[10] 姚君伟:《苏珊·桑塔格短篇小说论》,《江苏大学学报》4(2018):49—54.
[Yao Junwei.“A Study of Susan Sontag's Short Stories.”Journal of Jiangsu University 4(2018): 49-54.]