当代俄罗斯新现实主义的兴起

外国文学研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 131-142.

当代俄罗斯新现实主义的兴起

王树福

出版日期:2018-06-25 发布日期:2022-05-23
作者简介:王树福,华中师范大学文学院副教授,黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心、湖北文学理论与批评研究中心兼职研究员,主要从事俄罗斯文学、戏剧和文学伦理学批评研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金一般项目“白银时代俄罗斯戏剧转型研究（1890—1920）”（17BWW042）

The Rise of New Realism in Contemporary Russia

Wang Shufu

Online:2018-06-25 Published:2022-05-23
About author:Wang Shufu, Ph.D. in Literature, is associate professor at School of Chinese Language and Literature, Central China Normal University (Wuhan 430069, China), and an affiliated faculty at Center of Russian Language, Literature and Culture Research, Heilongjiang University (Harbin 150080, China). His research interests include Russian literature, drama and ethical literary criticism. Email: ccnuwangshufu@126.com
Supported by:
“Transformation of Russian Drama in the Silver Age (1890-1920)” (17BWW042), sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 作为当代俄罗斯重要文学主潮之一,新现实主义在当代俄罗斯自由化的文化语境和多元化的文化转型中渐次兴起,有其新的现实、新的方法和新的理念。它通过借用白银时代新现实主义的文学遗产、各种先锋现代思想和后现代主义思想,形成既区别与传统现实主义和后现代主义,又部分介乎二者之间或之外的独特文学态势。其特点主要表现为美学观念的哲理倾向、艺术手法的综合趋势和叙事策略的多样态势。其中,对社会现实的合成表现,对真实诗学的变异诉求,对人物形象的多样塑造,则是新现实主义的诗学核心。这种思潮特点与诗学特色,部分呼应当代俄罗斯文学的整体风貌和艺术的宏观特点。正因区别于传统现实主义和后现代主义,新现实主义文学思潮既保留着现实主义的美学内涵,部分借鉴现实主义的创作基本原则,又吸收包括后现代主义在内的各种先锋技巧,其本质应属于现代主义美学范畴;正因介乎现实主义和后现代主义之间或之外,随着后现代主义在俄罗斯的合法化和蔚为大观,新现实主义文学思潮在1990年代逐渐实现与后现代主义的不断合流和多样对话。

关键词: 当代俄罗斯文学, 新现实主义, 现实主义, 现代主义, 后现代主义

Abstract: As one of the main trends of contemporary Russian literature, new realism comes into being in the context of Russian cultural liberalization and cultural transformation, containing new realities, new strategies and new ideas. Inheriting the heritage of Russian neo-realism in the Silver Age, it also makes use of postmodernist conceptions. However, unlike traditional realism and postmodernism, Russian new realism has such different features as philosophical orientation of aesthetic concepts, hybridity of artistic techniques, and diversity of narrative strategies. The tenets of Russian new realist poetics can be best summarized as synthesis of social reality, variety of poetic expression, and diversity of characterization, all of which go in accordance with the style and the macroscopic characteristics of contemporary Russian literature. Sharing the same aesthetic features and basic principles with modernism, Contemporary Russian new realism still falls into a broad aesthetic category of modernism. Occupying a liminal space between realism and postmodernism, Russian new realism began to merge into postmodernism in the 1990s when postmodernism was on its high tide in Russia.

Key words: contemporary Russian literature, new realism, realism, modernism, post-modernism

王树福. 当代俄罗斯新现实主义的兴起[J]. 外国文学研究, 2018, 40(3): 131-142.

Wang Shufu. The Rise of New Realism in Contemporary Russia[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2018, 40(3): 131-142.

参考文献

[1] 符·阿格诺索夫:《20世纪俄罗斯文学》,凌建候等译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[Agenosov V. V.Russian Literature of XX Century. Trans. Ling Jianhou et. al. Beijing: China Renmin UP, 2001.]
[2] Андреев, Л. Г. “Литература у порога грядущего века.”Вопросы литературы 8(1987): 3-42.
[Andreev L. G.“Literature at the Turn of the Coming Century.”Problems of Literature 8(1987): 3-42.]
[3] Баевский, В. С. История русской литературы ХХ века. М.: Языки славянской кулытуры, 2003.
[Baevsky V. S.A History of Russian Literature in XX Century. Moscow: Slavic Cultural Languages, 2003.]
[4] 高莽:《请注意,俄罗斯文学在崛起》,《世界文学》4(1993):261—277.
[Gao Mang.“Please Note that Russian Literature is Rising.”World Literature 4(1993): 261-77.]
[5] Казначеев, C. М. “Новый реализм: очередное возрождение метода.”Гуманитарный вектор 4(2011): 91-95.
[Kaznacheev S. M.“New Realism: Successive Resurrection of Methods.”Humanistic Vector 4(2011): 91-95.]
[6] Лихачёв, Д. С. “Русская культура нового времени и Древняя Русь.” Раздумья о России. СПб.: Logos, 1999. 357-375.
[Likhachev D. S.“Russian Culture in New Period and Ancient Rus.” Reflections on Russia. Saint-Petersburg: Logos, 1999. 357-75.]
[7] 林精华:《民族主义的意义与悖论:20—21世纪之交俄罗斯文化转型问题研究》.北京:人民出版社,2002年.
[Lin Jinghua.The Significance and Paradox of Nationalism: Study on Russian Cultural Transformation at the Turn of 20th-21st Centuries. Beijing: Peopl's Publishing House, 2002.]
[8] 马·利波维茨基:《陡度的规律》,吴晓都译,《后现代主义》,让-弗·利奥塔等著.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999年.157—199.
[Lipovetchky M. N.“The Rule of Steepness.” Trans. Wu Xiaodu. Postmodernism. By Jean-Francois Lyotard. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, 1999. 175-99.]
[9] Мусатов, В. В. сост. Некалендарный ХХ век: Материалы Всероссийского семинара 19-21 мая 2000 года. Великий Новгород: Новгородский государственный университет, 2001.
[Musatov V. V.Non-Calendric XX Century: Papers of Russian Seminar on May 19-21, 2000. Novgorod: Novgorod State UP, 2001.]
[10] Нефагина, Г. Л. Русская проза конца XX века, М.: Флинта и Наука, 2003.
[Nefagina G. L.Russian Novels in the End of XX Century. Moscow: Flinta and Science, 2003.]
[11] 拉祖莫夫斯卡娅:《青春禁忌游戏》,童宁译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003年.
[Razumovskaya L. N.Dear Elena Sergeevna. Trans. Tong Ning. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2003.]
[12] 叶·斯科瓦尔佐娃:《文化理论与俄罗斯文化史》,王亚民等译.兰州:敦煌文艺出版社,2003年.
[Skvortchova E. M.Cultural Theory and History of Russian Culture. Trans. Wang Yamin et. al. Lanzhou: Dunhuang Literature and Art Publishing House, 2003.]
[13] Степанян, К.А. “Реализмкак заключительная стадия постмодернизма.”Знамя 9(1992): 231-239.
[Stepanyan K. A.“Realism as a End State of Postmodernism.”Flag 9(1992): 231-39.]
[14] 彼得·威德森:《现代西方文学观念简史》,钱竞张欣译.北京:北京大学出版社,2006年.
[Widdowson, Peter. Literature.Trans. Qian Jing and Zhang Xin. Beijing: Peking UP, 2006.]
[15] 雷蒙·威廉斯:《关键词:文化与社会的词汇》,刘建基译.北京:三联书店,2005年.
[Williams, Raymond.Key Words: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Trans. Liu Jianji. Beijing: The SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2005.]
[16] 许贤绪:《当代苏联小说史》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1991年.
[Xu Xianxu.The History of Contemporary Soviet Fiction. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Educational Press, 1991.]
[17] 张建华:《论俄罗斯小说转型期的美学特征》,《当代外国文学》4(1995):77—83.
[Zhang Jianhua.“Aesthetic Characteristics of Russian Novels in the Transitional Period.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 4(1995): 77-83.]