论果戈理《死魂灵》的史诗结构模式

外国文学研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 147-156.

论果戈理《死魂灵》的史诗结构模式

吴笛

出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2022-05-23
作者简介:吴笛,文学博士,浙江越秀外国语学院特聘教授,浙江大学世界文学与比较文学研究所教授、博士生导师,主要从事英美文学、俄罗斯文学和文学翻译研究。

A Study of the Epic-type Structure Mode of The Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol

Wu Di

Online:2018-02-25 Published:2022-05-23
About author:Wu Di, Ph.D. in Literature, is professor at Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages (Shaoxing 312000, China), professor and Ph.D. supervisor at the Institute of World Literature and Comparative Literature, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou 310058, China). His research interests are English poetry, Russian poetry and comparative literature. Email: hzwudi@yahoo.com

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 果戈理的《死魂灵》作为其代表作,奠定了他作为俄国杰出作家的地位。《死魂灵》虽为长篇小说,果戈理却称其为长诗。这部作品究竟属于哪种艺术形式,学界存在着极大的争议。本文力图从结构模式入手,对此进行探究。本文认为,果戈理的意图是创作类似于但丁《神曲》般的史诗式作品,以三部结构分别对应《神曲》中的《地狱》《炼狱》《天堂》三个部分,并且将对于俄国前途何在的探讨贯穿其中。《死魂灵》第一部便是地狱旅行般的情节结构和亡灵书写;而在被他烧毁的《死魂灵》第二部中,突出所谓道德上的自我完善的历程,也就是净化的过程;第三部则上升为理想的境界,抒写理想的正面形象。作品中的“死魂灵”并非真实意义的“死农奴”,而是具有一定的象征寓意,表示当时社会的道德沦丧和人格的精神毁灭。

关键词: 果戈理, 《死魂灵》, 史诗特性, 结构模式

Abstract: Nikolai Gogol is regarded as a great Russian writer owing to his representative work The Dead Souls, which is a novel, but is called as “epic poem”. Which genre is it actually? It has aroused a lot of debates. This paper tries to probe into this topic from the perspective of the structure mode. The author of this paper thinks that the purpose of Nikolai Gogol is to create such epic poem as Dante’s Devine Comedy, using three-volume structure to parallel Dante’s Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise in his Divine Comedy, and the exploration for the future of Russia is through the work. So, the first volume of The Dead Souls is characteristic for its hell-like travel and dead-souls description. In the self-destroyed second volume, Nikolai Gogol tried to express the purification of the protagonists. And in the unwritten third volume of the epic, certainly, Nikolai Gogol planned to create the high state and ideal characters. The paper points outthat the dead souls are not the real dead serfs, but symbols of the moral bankruptcy and the spiritual destruction of the society of that time.

Key words: Nikolai Gogol, The Dead Souls, epic feature, structure mode

吴笛. 论果戈理《死魂灵》的史诗结构模式[J]. 外国文学研究, 2018, 40(1): 147-156.

Wu Di. A Study of the Epic-type Structure Mode of The Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2018, 40(1): 147-156.

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