替罪羊原型：屠龙故事真相新探

外国文学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 119-129.

替罪羊原型：屠龙故事真相新探

李永平

出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2022-06-15
作者简介:李永平,陕西师范大学文学院教授,主要研究文学人类学与比较文学。

Revisiting the Scapegoat Archetype: An Enploration of Dragon-Slaying Stories

Li Yongping

Online:2017-02-25 Published:2022-06-15
About author:Li Yongping is professor of literature at Shanxi Normal University(Xi'an 710062,China). His main research interest lies in literature anthropology and comparative literature. Email: yongpingl@163.com

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： “屠龙”是早期人类文明的集体记忆,因此也就成为一个具有世界性的神话故事类型。为了生存或者禳除灾祸,世界早期文明体屠杀的集合体龙或者以“替罪羊”的形式献祭的象征性集合体“龙”,因地域环境不同而又种类繁多。在这个过程中,不同文明之间发生了偏移：被剪除和镇压的集合体龙和受焦虑困扰而作为替罪羊的龙逐渐分离,形成文化演进的分岔。中国连续性文明作为一个参照系,以二希为代表的文明是一个“镜像”,西方对屠龙英雄的崇拜替代了对“象征性集合体”龙的崇祀,并固化为二元对立的结构模式,龙成了英雄的对立面。反观中国,在萨满教传统中,万物有灵,象征性集合体“龙”的牺牲挽救了族群,对“龙”牺牲的感恩,翻转为对龙神崇祀。以中国为代表的文明寻求天人合一,协和万邦,成就合作共赢的“命运共同体”。

关键词: 屠龙, 龙, 象征性集合体, 文明分岔

Abstract: Dragon Slaying is a collective memory of the early civilizations, and thus becomes a worldwide mythological pattern. In order to survive or wipe out the scourge, the dragon slaughtered in the early civilizations, or the symbolic dragon sacrificed in the form of “scapegoat” varies in diflerent environments. In the process, the paths of civilization deviate: the dragon cut off and repressed and the dragon plagued by anxiety as scapegoats gradually seperate from each other and form a different cultural division. Compared with the continuity of Chinese civilization, the western civilization—represented by and mirrored in the Greek and Hebrew ones—worships dragon-slayer instead of the dragon, and thus the binary opposition is solidified and the dragon helps the making of the hero. By contrast, in the tradition of Shamanism of China, the sacrifice of the symbolic collective dragon rescues the ethnic groups and the appreciation of its sacrifice turns to be the worship of the dragon. The Chinese civilization seeks the unity of Heaven and human and harmony among nations to achieve the win-win fate of the community by cooperation.

Key words: Dragon Slaying, symbolic aggregate, civilized bifurcation

李永平. 替罪羊原型：屠龙故事真相新探[J]. 外国文学研究, 2017, 39(1): 119-129.

Li Yongping. Revisiting the Scapegoat Archetype: An Enploration of Dragon-Slaying Stories[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2017, 39(1): 119-129.

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