来去荒岛与鲁滨逊的自然法政治抉择

外国文学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 80-91.

来去荒岛与鲁滨逊的自然法政治抉择

陈西军

出版日期:2017-08-25 发布日期:2022-06-15
作者简介:陈西军,湖北大学外国语学院副教授,主要研究18世纪英国文学。
基金资助:
本文系国家社科基金项目“丹尼尔·笛福的决疑论政治思想研究”【项目批号：16BWW046】的阶段性成果

In and Out: Robinson Crusoe's Political Choice on the Island

Chen Xijun

Online:2017-08-25 Published:2022-06-15
About author:Chen Xijun is associate professor of English at the School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University (Wuhan 430062, China). His research area is 18th century English literature. Email: alcichen@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 基于自然法,鲁滨逊占领了荒岛,并对先后来到荒岛的人采取了不同的态度,但其核心是君主专制。为了确保自己的绝对君主专制,他以建立在自然法基础上的马基雅维里的国家理由为依据,对岛上的臣民进行了武装震慑、策略手段和宗教皈依等统治方式。鲁滨逊离开后,荒岛上的居民处在人人平等的自然状态,因此,建立了一个以“同意”为基础,以西班牙船长为总督的民主政治体制。鲁滨逊最终放弃荒岛,远走中国等地寻求贸易,表明笛福更倾向基于平等和自由贸易的民主政治。有鉴于此,不难理解鲁滨逊对于闭关锁国的中国的批评。

关键词: 《鲁滨逊漂流记》, 自然法, 国家理由

Abstract: Based on Natural Law, Crusoe sets up an absolute monarchy on the occupied island, though with different attitudes towards different persons accordingly. To safeguard his absolute monarchy, Crusoe adopts Machiavellian reason of state, i. e., arms, policy, and religion, which is also based on natural law, in ruling the islanders. When Crusoe leaves the island, all the islanders are in the state of nature, equal to each other. As a result, a democratic system based on the islanders' consent is set up with the Spanish captain as the governor. Crusoe's final abandonment of the island for his trade in places like China shows that he is more inclined to a democratic system based on equality and free trade. As a result, Crusoe criticizes China's closed-door policy and despotic government.

Key words: Robinson Crusoe, natural law, reason of state

陈西军. 来去荒岛与鲁滨逊的自然法政治抉择[J]. 外国文学研究, 2017, 39(4): 80-91.

Chen Xijun. In and Out: Robinson Crusoe's Political Choice on the Island[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2017, 39(4): 80-91.

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