论布尔加科夫“魔幻三部曲”中的科技伦理与科学选择

外国文学研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 52-60.

论布尔加科夫“魔幻三部曲”中的科技伦理与科学选择

吴笛

发布日期:2022-05-23
作者简介:吴笛,浙江越秀外国语学院特聘教授,浙江大学世界文学与比较文学研究所教授,主要从事英美文学、俄罗斯文学和比较文学研究。
基金资助:
国家社科基金重点项目“俄罗斯小说发展史”（18AWW005）

A Study of the Scientific Ethics and Scientific Selection in Mikhail Bulgakov’s “The Fantasy Trilogy”

Wu Di

Published:2022-05-23
About author:Wu Di is a professor at Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages (Shaoxing 312000, China) and at the Institute of World Literature and Comparative Literature, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou 310028, China). His research interests include English literature, Russian literature and comparative literature. Email: hzwudi@yahoo.com
Supported by:
“A History of Russian Fiction” (18AWW005), sponsored by National Social Science Fund of China

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 本文以俄罗斯著名作家布尔加科夫1920年代创作的被视为“魔幻三部曲”的《魔障》《不祥之蛋》《狗心》等三部中篇小说为研究文本,探究其作品中所体现的科技伦理意识。布尔加科夫的作品不仅凸显卓越的讽刺艺术,而且进行严肃的伦理警示。他的作品中的令人启迪的独特之处在于强调科学精神和伦理道德的一致性。科学的探索要经得起伦理道德的监督和审视,科技生产和科技实验以及相应的科学研究,一定要遵循科技伦理。随着时代的发展和科学的进步,科学选择成为必然。但是,在科学选择中,如果没有科技伦理的制约,必然造成“伦理违背”。布尔加科夫通过生物实验、器官移植等具体事例告诫我们,如果科学研究以及科技成果的运用中没有科技伦理的制约,那么人类的灾难在所难免,其中的警示意义是极为深刻的。

关键词: 布尔加科夫, "魔幻三部曲", 科技伦理, 科学选择

Abstract: Using “The Fantasy Trilogy”, Diaboliad, The Fatal Eggs, and The Heart of a Dog, the three novellas written by the great Russian novelist Mikhail Bulgakov, as the primary sources, this article tries to probe into the scientific ethical consciousness reflected in his literary works. The short novels by Bulgakov are characteristic not only for his superb art of satire, but also for his serious ethical warning. What is uniquely inspiring in Bulgakov’s works is a great stress on the oneness between the scientific spirit and the idea of morality. Scientific activities must stand up to the close supervision and scrutiny of the morality; scientific and technical experiments, as well as the relevant scientific studies, must follow the guidelines of scientific ethics. With the rapid progress of society and the development of sciences, scientific selection is inevitable. However, without the constraint of the scientific ethics, “ethical violations” would be hard to avoid. Through various specific examples, such as biological tests and the transplantation of organs, Bulgakov offers us a stern warning that the humankind would inevitably suffer a great deal of disasters if the research in sciences and the application of technologies were conducted without the constraint of scientific ethics. Obviously, such a warning has a profound significance in his works.

Key words: Mikhail Bulgakov, "The Fantasy Trilogy", scientific ethics, scientific selection

吴笛. 论布尔加科夫“魔幻三部曲”中的科技伦理与科学选择[J]. 外国文学研究, 2019, 41(5): 52-60.

Wu Di. A Study of the Scientific Ethics and Scientific Selection in Mikhail Bulgakov’s “The Fantasy Trilogy”[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2019, 41(5): 52-60.

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