永井荷风《断肠亭日乘》中的“现代日本”批判

外国文学研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 105-116.

永井荷风《断肠亭日乘》中的“现代日本”批判

王升远

出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-01-03
作者简介:王升远,厦门大学外文学院讲座教授,复旦大学外文学院教授,主要研究领域为近现代日本文学与思想研究。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点项目“战后日本文学界的战争责任论争及其思想史位相”（18AWW003）

The “Modern Japan” in The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion by Nagai Kafu

Wang Shengyuan

Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-01-03
About author:Wang Shengyuan is a Chair Professor at the College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University (Xiamen 361005, China) and a professor at the College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Fudan University (Shanghai 200433, China), specializing in modern Japanese literature and intellectual history. Email: wangshengyuan@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
“The Debate Concerning the War Responsibility in the Post-War Japanese Literary Circles and Its Footing in the History of Thought” (18AWW003) sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China

摘要/Abstract

内容摘要： 永井荷风在战时的缄默抵抗实则保持了其对“现代日本”一贯的文明批判、政治批判姿态。荷风的日记《断肠亭日乘》记录了他对大正和昭和时代日本民风世情的尖锐批判,这一批判又内隐着两个维度：其一、近代以降,城乡人口交杂、都市文化变迁使得这位幕府遗民感到不适,大众文化兴起、革命风潮起伏让他感到厌恶和恐惧,蛰伏以对;而引江户时代的前贤为航灯更暗示着避世姿态乃是政治重压下的无奈与消极抵抗。其二、荷风反复强调“二·二六事件”等政治事件对民风之变的重要影响,将政党腐败、军阀横暴与个人觉醒视为“现代日本”的三个弊病,并将后者视为前二者之根源,却无视政治制度自上而下对社会秩序、世情民风强大的塑造功能,未能揭示在天皇制的国体框架下各方力量之间相互牵制、此消彼长的力量关系,以及由此生成的动态不确定性,如此便难以觅见“现代日本”走向崩溃的历史性形成过程及其政治、思想根源。

关键词: 永井荷风, 《断肠亭日乘》, “现代日本”, 文明批判, 政治批判

Abstract: Nagai Kafu's silent resistance during the war actually retained his consistent critical posture toward the civilization and politics of “Modern Japan.” Kafu's The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion documents his sharp criticism of the customs and social conditions in Japan during the Taisho and Showa periods. His criticism has two implicit dimensions. First, since the start of the modern times, the intermingling of urban and rural populations and the changes of urban culture made Kafu, the adherent of the Shogunate period, feel uncomfortable. Moreover, the rise of the popular culture and the ups and downs of the revolutionary movement brought him so much disgust and fear that he had to retreat to a reclusive life. His reliance on the former sages in the Edo period as his navigation light implies that his seclusion is no more than his helplessness and passive defiance under the strong political pressure. Secondly, Kafu reiterated the significant impact of political incidents, such as the “February Twenty-Sixth Incident,” on the change of folk customs. He regarded the party corruption, the warlords' tyranny, and the personal awakening as three maladies of “modern Japan,” identifying the last one as the root cause of the other two. In the meantime, he not only ignored the strong function of the political system in shaping up the social order, the way of life, and folk customs from top to bottom, but also failed to reveal the mutual restraint and fluctuating power relations among various factions within the national system under the Japanese emperor as well as the dynamic uncertainty that would consequently occur. For this reason, he couldn't figure out the historical process of Modern Japan's downfall and the origin of its politics and ideology.

Key words: Nagai Kafu, The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion, “Modern Japan”, criticism of civilization, political criticism

王升远. 永井荷风《断肠亭日乘》中的“现代日本”批判[J]. 外国文学研究, 2021, 43(6): 105-116.

Wang Shengyuan. The “Modern Japan” in The Diary of Heartbroken Pavilion by Nagai Kafu[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2021, 43(6): 105-116.

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