Abstract: The great Indian epic, R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, represents the contradiction between the Aryan civilization and the non-Aryan civilization through the struggle between Rama and Ravana. The Raksasas led by Ravana are the representatives of the indigenous Indians conquered by the Aryans. The epic, R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, written by the conquering Aryans, sets the conquered up as the designated opponent and demonizes image of Rakshasa king Ravana. In the main part of the epic created by Vālmīki, Ravana was treated with certain respect as a defeated hero. But in the First and Seventh Chapters that were supplemented subsequently, Ravana is presented as the evil King. The demonization of Ravana' s image is not only the result of portraying an opponent, but also the need of ethical expression. As a representative of good, Rama needs Ravana, a representative of evil, for a contrast, which not only sets up a role model, but also issues a warning, thus establishing what the epic intends to advocate, namely, the ethical system with “Dharma” as its core.

Key words: R$\bar{a}$may$\bar{a}$na, Ravana, designated opponent, cultural identity, ethical expression